隨(sui)著我(wo)國工(gong)業(ye)水平也越來越高，幾乎上(shang)可以說電線(xian)電纜(lan)無處不(bu)在(zai)，近幾年電纜(lan)入地等(deng)建設(she)發展的(de)也非常迅速，但是隨(sui)著電纜(lan)線(xian)路(lu)日益增(zeng)多和運行年限增(zeng)長，電纜(lan)故障(zhang)也逐漸增(zeng)加，電纜(lan)運行中發生的(de)電纜(lan)本體、電纜(lan)附(fu)件、電纜(lan)附(fu)屬(shu)設(she)備等(deng)故障(zhang)也明顯增(zeng)多，造成這些故障(zhang)的(de)原因現在(zai)就帶著大家一起看(kan)一下。

隨著(zhu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)使(shi)用時(shi)(shi)間的增加(jia)以及(ji)累計，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)容(rong)易出現問題的是(shi)絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)老化(hua)，產生這種情況的原因(yin)可能(neng)是(shi)在當(dang)時(shi)(shi)敷設(she)的時(shi)(shi)候電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)沒有選擇適合型號(hao)，導(dao)致電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)長期在過(guo)(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)下工(gong)作(zuo)或者(zhe)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)線路周圍有靠近熱(re)源，使(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)局部或整(zheng)個電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)線路長期受熱(re)而過(guo)(guo)早(zao)老化(hua)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)的工(gong)作(zuo)環境也是(shi)影響電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)層壽命的因(yin)素，若(ruo)是(shi)在不良的有化(hua)學反應的環境中使(shi)用，或者(zhe)多根(gen)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)并列運(yun)行但是(shi)其中一根(gen)或數根(gen)接(jie)觸不良，也便會(hui)造(zao)成(cheng)其它與其并列電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)過(guo)(guo)負荷運(yun)行從(cong)而引起故(gu)障(zhang)，當(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)附件制作(zuo)時(shi)(shi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)連接(jie)管(guan)壓(ya)接(jie)不牢，造(zao)成(cheng)接(jie)觸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻增大而引起過(guo)(guo)熱(re)，這些都是(shi)引起絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)故(gu)障(zhang)的原因(yin)，一定(ding)要合理規避。

附(fu)件(jian)也(ye)(ye)是(shi)非常(chang)容(rong)易(yi)出(chu)(chu)(chu)現(xian)問題的(de)(de)，并且這(zhe)個(ge)比例也(ye)(ye)是(shi)十分的(de)(de)高，原(yuan)因就是(shi)電纜中(zhong)(zhong)間(jian)接(jie)頭(tou)和(he)終(zhong)端頭(tou)通(tong)常(chang)在(zai)(zai)敷設(she)現(xian)場(chang)(chang)由安(an)裝人員(yuan)現(xian)場(chang)(chang)完成，若(ruo)是(shi)安(an)裝的(de)(de)時候稍(shao)不(bu)注意就容(rong)易(yi)出(chu)(chu)(chu)現(xian)紕(pi)漏。附(fu)件(jian)出(chu)(chu)(chu)現(xian)問題會影響復(fu)合界面放電和(he)附(fu)件(jian)材質(zhi)老化。附(fu)件(jian)問題往往是(shi)因為制(zhi)作工藝(yi)不(bu)精，產品(pin)質(zhi)量不(bu)好(hao)，在(zai)(zai)制(zhi)作過(guo)程中(zhong)(zhong)，附(fu)件(jian)內部出(chu)(chu)(chu)現(xian)氣(qi)泡(pao)、水分、雜質(zhi)等缺陷，導致局部放電而引起(qi)絕(jue)緣擊穿，不(bu)僅要選擇優質(zhi)的(de)(de)附(fu)件(jian)，在(zai)(zai)安(an)裝過(guo)程中(zhong)(zhong)也(ye)(ye)不(bu)能疏(shu)忽。

外(wai)(wai)護層問題(ti)也是比較常見的(de)，在中(zhong)、高壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)網中(zhong)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)外(wai)(wai)護層是保護電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)的(de)防(fang)線(xian)，其完好(hao)與否(fou)直(zhi)接關(guan)系到內(nei)部(bu)結構安全程度和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)使用壽命長(chang)短。造成外(wai)(wai)護層出現問題(ti)的(de)原因有(you)：直(zhi)埋電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)上(shang)下有(you)硬物(wu)、尖角直(zhi)接接觸外(wai)(wai)護層，尤其在有(you)車輛(liang)通行路(lu)段，長(chang)時間路(lu)面(mian)振動，硬物(wu)尖角有(you)可(ke)能(neng)刺(ci)穿(chuan)外(wai)(wai)護層，導致(zhi)內(nei)部(bu)結構受(shou)損，再(zai)加上(shang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)負荷變(bian)化(hua)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)本身熱脹(zhang)冷縮(suo)和(he)受(shou)損部(bu)位電(dian)(dian)(dian)場不均勻分(fen)布(bu)，從而導致(zhi)絕緣層受(shou)損；排管敷(fu)設時，排管連(lian)接處臺(tai)階(jie)或內(nei)壁不光滑都可(ke)能(neng)造成外(wai)(wai)護層受(shou)損；電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)路(lu)徑周圍機械(xie)施工或頂(ding)管作(zuo)業，造成外(wai)(wai)護層受(shou)損。

電纜(lan)在(zai)敷(fu)設施工過程中(zhong)外護(hu)(hu)(hu)層拉傷、開裂部(bu)位(wei)的(de)部(bu)位(wei)在(zai)排管(guan)內(nei)，便(bian)會無法(fa)及時(shi)發現；在(zai)運行一段時(shi)間之后發生龜裂現象，外護(hu)(hu)(hu)層絕(jue)緣降(jiang)低，金(jin)屬護(hu)(hu)(hu)套多(duo)點接(jie)地，環流增大，最終導致(zhi)絕(jue)緣受熱(re)老化擊穿(chuan)。白(bai)蟻蛀蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)也是外護(hu)(hu)(hu)層出現的(de)原因(yin)之一，一旦發現一處白(bai)蟻蛀蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)部(bu)位(wei)，往(wang)往(wang)此電纜(lan)線路上應(ying)有多(duo)處蛀蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)部(bu)位(wei)，我們應(ying)引起(qi)足(zu)夠重視。白(bai)蟻蛀蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)危，相對(dui)來說(shuo)北方較少出現。